Race relations

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Pipes, Richard Early Life and Fleeing from Poland
Dr. Richard Pipes was born in 1923 in a small Silesian town where his father had a chocolate factory. In 1928, his...
Sakato, George Early Life and Joining the 442nd Regimental Combat Team
George Sakato was born in Colton, California at a Union Pacific and Southern Pacific hub for the Railroad company. His...
Goldstein, Rosette Early Life and Persecution
Rosette Goldstein was born in 1938 in Paris, France. Her family moved into a one bedroom apartment where they were the...
Shima, Terry Early Life in Hawaii
Terry T. Shima was born in January 1923 outside of Hilo, Hawaii. He grew up on a sugar plantation. His parents both...
Nossbaum, Anneliese Early Life in Nazi Germany
Anneliese Nossbaum was born 8 January 1929 in Guben, Germany but moved to Bonn at age two. Her first experiences in...
Irvine, Elizabeth "Elizabeth Lautzenheiser" Early Life in the Philippines
Elizabeth Lautzenheiser Irvine was born in July 1927 in Baguio, Philippines [Annotator's Note: Baguio, Luzon,...
Aigner, Leslie Early Life Leading to Deportation
Leslie Aigner was born in Nové Zámky, Czechoslovakia. In 1939, the town became part of Hungary. At the time, Aigner was...
Johnson, Homer Early Life to Marine Corps
Homer Johnson was born in Detroit, Michigan in 1924. During the Great Depression, his father worked for Ford Motor...
Jefferson, Alexander Early Life, Enlistment and Becoming a Pilot
[Annotator's Note: This clip begins with the interviewer attempting to level out the audio.] Alexander Jefferson was...
Graham, Chester "Chet" Early Life, Entrance Into Service and Deployment
Chet Graham [Annotator's Note: Chester Earl Graham] was born in Oakland, California in March 1918, and moved around...
Massengale, Louis Early Life, the Draft, and Training
Louis Massengale was born in February 1926, and spent his first five years in Goodwater, Alabama, living with his...
Glass, Murray Early Years
Murray Glass was born in 1924 in Brooklyn, New York and grew up in the Bronx. His father was the manager and part owner...
Cohn, Marthe Earning More Medals
Marthe Cohn took the train from Singen to Freiburg, Germany. That was the last time she took a train because every few...
Porche, Albert Earning Respect
Albert Porche went into the service after Pearl Harbor was attacked. The armed forces were trying to recruit as many...
Cervantes, Enrique "Henry" Education
Enrique Cervantes was highly influenced by his uncle who taught him about life outside of poverty. Simultaneously, he...
Johnson, Homer Education and Reflections
Homer Johnson remembered that during his two years of service, his mother's hair turned from black to white. People...
Weber, Norman Education in Nazi Germany
As a child [Annotator’s Note: in Berlin, Germany from 1941 to 1944], Norman Weber studied various subjects in school....
Mancuso, Frank Effects of the War
For Frank Mancuso, the war took away four years of his youth and there were many things he did not get a chance to do....
Benjamin, Adelaide El Paso
Adelaide Benjamin remembers the first Christmas tree the family had out there [Annotator's Note: in El Paso, Texas]....
Bass, Leon Encountering Southern Racism
Leon Bass was training in Mississippi. Black soldiers were to be given ideas about why we were fighting the war. The...
Hayes, Clifford "Cliff" End of the Bulge and Hospitalization
[Annotator's Notes: Clifford Suthern Hayes was with Headquarters Company, 3rd Battalion, 222nd Infantry Regiment, 42nd...
Joy, Carrol End of the War
Following the Battle of the Bulge, Carrol Joy and his outfit [Annotator’s Note: the 514th Fighter Squadron, 406th...
Hardy, George End of the War in Europe
George Hardy does not remember when he heard that the war was over. They knew it was close because they were running...
Moret, Calvin Enemy POWs and Bigotry
When Calvin Moret was at Godman Field near Fort Knox [Annotator’s Note: Kentucky], he noted that Italian and German...
Klenoski, Richard England and Leaflet Missions
[Annotator's Note: The interviewer asks Richard Klenoski what his impressions of England were.] They lived in tents. It...
Spinato, Angelo England and Race Relations
Angelo Joseph Spinato's first four days at sea were beautiful. He was in an 88-ship convoy [Annotator's Note: with...
Maddox, Claire Eniwetok Atoll
Claire Maddox went ashore [Annotator's Note: as a member of ACORN-21, after the Battle of Eniwetok, 17 to 23 February...
Hardy, George Enlisting as an Aviation Cadet
George Hardy's father persuaded him to not join his brother in the Navy because of the race problem. He would be...
Creek, Roy Enlistment to Commanding Officer
Roy Creek served with several different units but really remembers the 507th Parachute Infantry Regiment [Annotator's...
Field, Edward Entering the military and Becoming a Poet
Edward Field entered the military to escape his background and the oppression of anti-Semitism. It was wonderful and...
White, Charles Entrance into Service
Charles White was born in 1924 in Coraopolis [Annotator’s Note: Coraopolis, Pennsylvania]. He served from 1941 to 1945...
Nygren, Karl Entrance into Service
Carl Nygren was drafted before he graduated high school. He had to take an exam for basic English and arithmetic. He...
Dawson, Ruffin Entrance into Service
Ruffin Walker Dawson was born in Saint Francisville, Louisiana in 1924 [Annotator's Note: November 1924]. He grew up on...
Neyland, Leedell Entrance into Service
Leedell Neyland joined the Navy in January 1941. He was supposed to do four years, but they were going to do six years...
Dixon, Leon Entrance to Service
Leon Dixon can only remember that it was 7 December 1941 when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor [Annotator's Note:...
Klepper, Manfred Escalating Nazi Terror
Manfred Klepper saw things get worse after 1939 [Annotator's Note: in Trier, Germany]. The police force had been...

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