Feelings toward enemies

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Zygmuntowicz, Itka Beaten by the Gestapo
Itka Zygmuntowicz was born in April 1926 in Ciechanów, Poland. It was a small town. They lived in two different places...
Wolf Guts, Clarence Becoming A Code Talker
[Annotator's Note: The interview begins with Clarence Wolf Guts already in conversation with the interviewer]. After...
Amsden, Ben Becoming a Fighter Ace
Benjamin Clark Amsden [Annotator's Note: a Grumman F6F Hellcat fighter pilot with Fighting Squadron 22 (VF-22) aboard...
Lucas, Jack Becoming a Marine
Jacklyn Lucas's uncle had been a Marine. He finished his eighth grade of school in June 1942. He overwhelmed his mother...
Vallas, Theodore Becoming a Navy Pilot and Aiding England
Theodore Vallas joined the Navy in 1939 when students in college were being prepared to go to the anticipated war....
Kopp, Alois Becoming a Pharmacist Mate and Postwar Career
Alois Kopp was in Pocatello, Idaho in the Civilian Conservation Camp when the Navy recruited him. He was sent to San...
Colbert, Hugh Becoming a POW
As the situation unraveled for 1st Battalion, 422nd Infantry Regiment, German tanks cut off the battalion's position...
Hoff, Russell D. Becoming a POW
Russell Hoff and his regiment [Annotator's Note: 422nd Infantry Regiment, 106th Infantry Division] surrendered during...
Drake, Joseph Becoming a Ranger in Combat
oseph J. Drake was drafted and sent to Camp Shelby, Mississippi with the newly formed 69th Infantry Division. As an...
McCarthy, John Becoming a Sailor
John A. McCarthy was born in Atlantic City, New Jersey. His family moved to Lancaster County in Pennsylvania. He was...
Knapp, William Becoming a Sailor
William “Bill” Knapp volunteered for the US Navy when he was 17 years old. His parents consented to his enlistment....
Grahlfs, F. Becoming a Sailor
F. Lincoln Grahlfs enlisted into the Navy in the fall of 1942 and was inducted on 5 October 1942. At that time, the...
Taylor, Claude Becoming a Sailor and Going to War
When Claude Taylor turned 18, he enlisted in the Navy. His father had been in the Army in France in World War 1. The...
Fontenot, Herbert Becoming a Sailor and Overseas Naval Service
Herbert Fontenot went to Camp Wallace, Texas for Navy boot camp. He had no problem with the weather but wearing boots...
Cole, Arles Becoming a Sailor prior to Pearl Harbor
Arles E. Cole was sent to San Diego [Annotator’s Note: San Diego, California] for naval aptitude testing and training....
Stell, Cleston Becoming a Soldier
Cleston Stell was born in Alvarado, Texas in 1926. The family moved to Fort Worth when he was young. During the 1930s,...
Becker, Irving Becoming a Soldier
Irving Becker wanted to volunteer for the military after arriving in the United States, but his former German...
Fraser, Rodney Becoming a Soldier
Rodney Charles Fraser was drafted into the Army and went through basic training at Camp Roberts in California [...
Appel, Jack Becoming a Soldier
On 1 January [Annotator's Note: 1943] Jack Appel was brought to Penn Station [Annotator's Note: Pennsylvania Station in...
Linquata, Michael Becoming a Soldier
Michael Linquata went to Boston after graduation [Annotator's Note: he graduated from high school in January 1944]. He...
Medicine Crow, Joseph Becoming a Soldier
Joseph Medicine Crow was 98 years old at the time of the interview. His Crow Indian Tribal name was High Bird but the...
Leopold, Vernon Becoming a Soldier
Gerald Vernon Leopold, known as Gerald V. Leopold in the Army, was born in Frankfurt, Germany in August 1923. When he...
Matsumoto, Roy Becoming a Soldier
Roy H. Matsumoto went to Minnesota after he volunteered for the Army. [Annotator's Note: Matsumoto volunteered for the...
Staymates, Arthur Becoming a Soldier
Arthur Staymates had a typical, hard training before he left the States but it was not too difficult for him. He...
Haynes Sr., James Becoming a Soldier and Overseeing POWs
James E. Haynes Sr. was inducted into the US Army at Fort Jackson [Annotator’s Note: Fort Jackson in Columbia, South...
Tsubota, Thomas Becoming a Soldier and Pearl Harbor
Thomas Kiyoshi Tsubota trained at Schofield Barracks [Annotator's Note: in Honolulu, Hawaii] as a member of the 298th...
Manasse, Fred Becoming an Activist
The older victims of the Holocaust had always viewed the displaced children as "refugees," according to Fred Manasse,...
Ram, Walter Becoming an Airman
Walter Ram went through basic training for the Army. He was discharged after a year in the Army. When the Japanese...
Knutson, Caroll Becoming an Airman
After he enlisted, Carroll Knutson was evaluated and selected for training as a pilot. His training began at Maxwell...
Stovroff, Irwin Becoming an Airman
Irwin Stovroff got the call for service in the military, but it was not the assignment he anticipated. Instead of entry...
Rinas, Bruno Becoming an Airman
Bruno S. Rinas discussed joining the service with a younger brother. He joined the military in 1940 at Fort Snelling [...
Wisher, Charles Becoming an Airman
Charles "Chuck" Wisher went through basic training at Sheppard Field in Wichita, Texas. Training was good, but tough....
Dymnicki, Francis Becoming an Airman
Francis Dymnicki attempted to become a pilot in the Air Force. Half of his friends wanted to do the same. Dymnicki was...
Winter, William Becoming an Infantry Officer
For William Winter, basic training was different [Annotator's Note: different than his previous experiences at Ole Miss...
Rogers, John Becoming Company Commander, Interactions with German Civilians and Going Home
John Rogers was fighting on Christmas Day [Annotator's Note: 25 December 1944] during the Battle of the Bulge. They...
Halvorsen, Gail Becoming the Berlin Candy Bomber
Gail Halvorsen thought the Berlin Airlift [Annotator's Note: the Western Allies' operation to supply the blockaded city...

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