European Theater of Operations (ETO)

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Rupp, Robert Earning a Presidential Unit Citation
Robert Rupp was surprised by the atomic bomb drops on Japan [Annotator's Note: nuclear weapons dropped on Hiroshima and...
Heilbrun, Herbert Earning Pilot’s Wings and Getting a Crew
Herbert Heilbrun flew twin engines in his second stage of flight training. He flew the Cessna Bobcat [Annotator's Note...
Mero, Robert Earning the Bronze Star
In February 1945, Robert Mero volunteered for another patrol that involved an assault group and a support group. He...
Wofford, Jesse L. Earning the Distinguished Flying Cross
On a bombing mission over Berlin, Germany on 3 February 1945, Jesse Wofford's aircraft was badly damaged by German flak...
Windisch, Lutz Eastern Front
When Lutz Windisch pulled out of Normandy [Annotator's Note: following D-Day; the Allied invasion of Normandy, France...
Chauvin, Ernest Easy Day; Hard Day
Ernest Chauvin and his unit [Annotator's Note: Company M, 3rd Battalion, 272nd Infantry Regiment, 69th Infantry...
Ritter, Louise Easy Time in Europe
After World War 2 ended, Louise Post Ritter volunteered to go overseas to Europe as an Army Nurse with her sister. In...
Smith, Bernard Ecumenical Crew
Bernard Smith was very comfortable as an armorer gunner. He and his crew got along very well. They were ecumenical....
Nance, Stanley Educated Upbringing
Stanley Boyd Nance was born in Garfield, Utah in February 1918. He served in an Army Signal Company, 23rd Headquarters...
Cervantes, Enrique "Henry" Education
Enrique Cervantes was highly influenced by his uncle who taught him about life outside of poverty. Simultaneously, he...
Franzky, Gerhard Education
Gerhard Franzky could quit the Hitler Youth but he was not allowed to quit the civil defense. Soon it was 1942. Many of...
Kleindienst, Alfons "Al" Education and Hitler Youth
Alfons Robert Kleindienst and his family moved to Germany after World War 2 began [Annotator's Note: his father, Alfons...
Denius, Franklin "Frank" Education and Training
Franklin Denius originally volunteered for service because he had already taken 4 of ROTC [Annotators Note: Reserve...
Weber, Norman Education in Nazi Germany
As a child [Annotator’s Note: in Berlin, Germany from 1941 to 1944], Norman Weber studied various subjects in school....
Muelder, Milton E. Educational Influence on Military Service
Milton Muelder spent seven years working on his doctoral dissertation, and in this section he describes his research on...
Angst, Lawrence Effects of Injuies and Treating German Civilians
Lawrence Angst never became a doctor because he could not. He came back and recovered from his injuries, but he could...
Mancuso, Frank Effects of the War
For Frank Mancuso, the war took away four years of his youth and there were many things he did not get a chance to do....
Schafer, Leon Effects of the War
Leon Schafer is certain the war affected his life afterwards. Number one, he never left his wife. When he got home, he...
Burriss, Thomas Eight Ball
During the war, T. Moffatt Burriss encountered an individual nicknamed Eight Ball. Burriss first encountered him in...
Mock, John Eight Days in a Boxcar
By 21 March [Annotator's Note: 21 March 1945], the American forces were getting close so John Mock and his fellow...
Schafer, Leon Eight Trips to Normandy
[Annotator's Note: Leon Schafer was aboard USS LST-502 after the D-Day invasion of Normandy, France.] They returned to...
Freeman, Bradford Eindhoven to Arnhem
They [Annotator's Note: Bradford Clark Freeman and his fellow paratroopers in Company E, 2nd Battalion, 506th Parachute...
Lesniewski, Joseph Eindhoven, Holland
Joseph Lesniewski did not run into any resistance landing in Holland [Annotator's Note: during Operation Market Garden...
Cervantes, Enrique "Henry" Ejection Seats
Following his assignment as wing maintenance commander at SAC [Annotator's Note: Strategic Air Command] headquarters...
Marr, John W Eliminating a Machine Gun Position
During the assault on Manoir La Fiere [Annotators Note: La Fiere Manor] on D Day, Lieutenant John Marr led his advanced...
Walter, Robert Elsenborn Ridge
[Annotators Note: Robert Walter was a platoon sergeant in Company L, 3rd Battalion, 393rd Infantry Regiment, 99th...
Linkous, Melvin Elsenborn Ridge
Melvin Linkous and his company [Annotator's Note: Cannon Company, 38th Infantry Regiment, 2nd Infantry Division] were...
Carithers, Calvin Embassy Guard
Calvin Carithers was born in Pretty Prairie, Kansas in November 1927. He went to school. When he was old enough, he...
Elduff, James Emergency Landing
James Elduff [Annotator’s Note: when asked about landing his damaged Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bomber while...
Steinfeld, Manfred Emigrating from Germany
Manfred Steinfeld was born in a small town of 419 people in Germany in April 1924. He attended public schools. When...
Rodgers, Brigitte Emigrating to America
On her 20th birthday, Brigitte Rodgers traveled by herself to New York [Annotator's Note: New York, New York] to get...
Bass, Leon Encountering Southern Racism
Leon Bass was training in Mississippi. Black soldiers were to be given ideas about why we were fighting the war. The...
Willette, Edward Encountering the Enemy
Edward G. Willette and his division [Annotator's Note: Willette was a mortarman in Company E, 2nd Battalion, 413th...
Reynolds, Harley End of combat and beginning of new responsibilities
Harley Reynolds’s company came across some German collaborators who had killed themselves once they realized the...
Kuwayama, Yeiichi "Kelly" End of combat for Kuwayama
Kelly Kuwayama was away from his unit for about three weeks before he had to rejoin them. The 44nd was sent back to...
Smith, Carl End of Service to Retirement
Carl Smith re-enlisted in the Air Force. He was sent to Lookout Mountain [Annotator’s Note: Lookout Mountain, Georgia...

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