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  • Mammino, Joseph Overseas to Italy

    Following basic training and being part of a cadre at Fort Benning [Annotator’s Note: Fort Benning, Georgia], Joseph John Mammino went overseas to

  • Mammino, Joseph Reflections on the War

    [Annotator’s Note: Dishes clattering and other noises are audible in the background throughout the segment.] Joseph John Mammino’s most memorable e

  • Mammino, Joseph War Breaks Out

    Joseph John Mammino was unaware of the Great Depression [Annotator's Note: The Great Depression was a global economic depression that lasted f

  • Mammino, Joseph War's End & Postwar

    After being wounded in Italy, Joseph John Mammino’s family was sent a telegram stating that he had been killed in action.

  • Manasse, Fred Adolescence and Education in America

    There wasn't enough room in any of the family's homes for Fred Manasse and his brother, so it fell to the JCCA [Annotator's Note: Je

  • Manasse, Fred Arriving in America

    The day after they arrived in Spain, Fred Manasse and his brother caught a train to Barcelona, Spain where they stayed in a safe house for two mont

  • Manasse, Fred Becoming an Activist

    The older victims of the Holocaust had always viewed the displaced children as "refugees," according to Fred Manasse, because they didn

  • Manasse, Fred Early Life

    Fred Manasse was born in July 1935 in Frankfurt, Germany, one of two sons of practicing Orthodox Jewish parents.

  • Manasse, Fred Expressions in Art and Activism

    As a sculptor, Fred Manasse worked on a piece of art for his sister, through which he meant to express the "horror of the past," and was

  • Manasse, Fred Family Situation

    After the Nuremburg edicts [Annotator's Note: the Nuremburg Laws] and Krystalnacht [Annotator's Note: the occasion of concerted violence

  • Manasse, Fred Flight into France

    His father continued his attempts to get his family out of Europe, according to Fred Manasse, and when Belgium was invaded on 10 May 1940 the Jewis

  • Manasse, Fred From France into Spain

    In 1943, Fred Manasse saw some of the older Jewish children gathered up by the French for transport to a detention camp with a final destination of

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